Othello Literary Essay

How R C Sheriff evokes a sense of pathos in the final scene of Journeys End Essay Example For Students

How R C Sheriff brings out a feeling of sentiment in the last scene of Journeys End Essay I feel that Sherriff composed excursions End in 1928 so he wouldnt bring back an excess of terrible recollections from the war. On the off chance that he had composed it and discharged it soon after the war, it would have caused an excess of discussion in this way not as much individuals would have understood it. Excursions End was set in one spot, the little uncovered, this permits the crowd to focus on whats going on at that place and not be diverted by different things in different spots. In Journeys End, the characters utilize early English, Trotter, Maison, Hibbert and Raleigh use slang all through the play. Osborne and Stanhope are very luxurious and don't utilize slang. In the past scenes Raleigh comes to Stanhopes organization by making a few things happen, this implies he proberly requested that somebody put him into Stanhopes organization. Stanhope isnt satisfied that he came to him since he is frightened that Raleigh will tell his sister that Stanhope drinks constantly, so he peruses Raleighs letters, yet Raleigh expresses decent things about Stanhope in them, so Stanhope starts to be somewhat progressively wonderful about him. Hibbert concedes that he is terrified of the channels, and afterward Stanhope says that he is. At that point not a lot occurs until Osborne and Raleigh are informed that they have honey bee picked for a strike, Osborne kicks the bucket in that assault. In the past scene, Stanhope, Trotter and Hibbert are hosting a touch of gathering, chuckling and indicating each other pictures, they where drinking Champaign. Hibbert advises Stanhope to hit the sack and Stanhope blows up and yells at Hibbert. At that point Raleigh comes into the channel and reveals to Stanhope that he had eaten with the men and that he cannot eat when Osbornes lying out there then Stanhope yells more and they all hit the sack. Toward the beginning of scene three, the mind-set has changed, everybody is calm and it nearly appears that they are prepared to kick the bucket, not at all like in the past scene when there was a gathering, in which they where snickering and talking. The burrow that the principle characters are in is cold, I know this in light of the fact that the dramatist says that Stanhope lies crouched with his sweeping drawn firmly round him, revealing to me that he is attempting to keep warm. In the last scene, I believe that the hints of shelling develop pressure in light of the fact that each couple of pages it would state that the shelling was drawing nearer, this makes you imagine that something significant will happen when the shelling hits them. Upon the arrival of the fight, Hibbert is produced of going in the channels. He attempts to put it off by saying that he is so unpleasantly parched and Stanhope says that the more you remain here, the harder itll be to go up, to Hibbert, Maison attempts to convince Hibbert to go up, it appears that Maison and Hibbert have traded specialists. At the point when Raleigh gets harmed, Stanhope discloses to him that he has gotten a blighty one implying that he is harmed sufficiently gravely for him to go to medical clinic, and afterward back home. However, we as the crowd realize that his physical issue is not kidding and that he may bite the dust. Emotional incongruity is utilized. I believe that R.C Sherriff worked superbly inspiring feeling in this play. He utilized great language for the characters and did well to develop strain, particularly in the last scene.

The Purpose of Psychology Theories

The Purpose of Psychology Theories Theories Developmental Psychology Print The Purpose of Psychology Theories By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 12, 2019 Maskot / Getty Images More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology There are numerous psychological theories that are used to explain and predict a wide variety of behaviors. One of the first things that a new psychology student might notice is that there are a lot of theories to learn. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the Big Five theory, and Bandura’s social learning theory are just a few examples that might spring to mind. What exactly is the purpose of having so many psychological theories? Why Psychological Theories Exist These theories serve a number of important purposes. Let’s look at three key reasons why psychological theories exist. They Provide a Basis for Understanding the Mind and Behavior Theories provide a framework for understanding human behavior, thought, and development. By having a broad base of understanding about the hows and whys of human behavior, we can better understand ourselves and others. Each theory provides a context for unders?tanding a certain aspect of human behavior. Behavioral theories, for example, provide a basis for understanding how people learn new things. Through the lens of these theories, we can take a closer look at some of the different ways that learning occurs as well as the factors that influence this type of learning. They Inspire Future Research Theories create a basis for future research. Researchers use theories to form hypotheses that can then be tested. As new discoveries are made and incorporated into the original theory, new questions and ideas can then be explored. They Can Adapt and Evolve Theories are dynamic and always changing. As new discoveries are made, theories are modified and adapted to account for new information. While theories are sometimes presented as static and fixed, they tend to evolve over time as new research is explored. Attachment theory, for example, began with the work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth and has expanded and grown to include new descriptions of different attachment styles. Examples of Major Theoretical Perspectives There have been a number of key theoretical perspectives that have had an influence throughout psychology’s history. Even today, many psychologists tend to focus their research through the lens of a certain theoretical perspective. Theories tend to fall into one of a few different types.Grand theories attempt to describe many aspects of the human experience. Examples include Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory.Mini-theories, on the other hand, focus on describing just a narrow range of behaviors.Emergent theories are those that are newer and often involve combining different aspects of various mini-theories. Vygotskys sociocultural theory is an example of an emergent theory. Some examples of these theories include: Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory suggests that unconscious urges and desires drive human behavior. This perspective suggests that understanding these underlying and hidden thoughts can help alleviate different types of psychological discomfort and distress.Behavioral Theory: The behavioral theories suggest that all human behavior can be explained by the learning processes. This approach to psychology emerged with the work of John B. Watson, who was interested in making psychology a more scientific discipline that focused exclusively on observable and measurable behaviors. Inspired by the work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, who had discovered and described the process of classical conditioning, Watson demonstrated how different behaviors could be conditioned. The later work of B.F. Skinner introduced the concept of operant conditioning, which looked at how reinforcement and punishment led to learning.Cognitive Development Theory: Jean Piaget introdu ced another well-known grand theory. His theory of cognitive development described the intellectual growth of children from birth and into childhood. This theory suggests that children act much like little scientists as they actively construct their knowledge of the world.Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory: Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky proposed a sociocultural theory of development that is a good example of how new theories often build on older theories. Piaget influenced Vygotsky, but his theory suggested that much of learning results from the dynamic interaction between individuals and their culture.

Carrs Argument in Vital Paths - 1823 Words

Spencer Woo Professor Losh Cat 1 6 November 2012 Carrs Argument in Vital Paths I. Introduction Vital Paths is the title of the second chapter in Nicolas G. Carrs book, The Shallows. This chapter continues Carrs argument, posed in chapter one, in highlighting the dangers of the internet, regarding our cognitive abilities. Specifically on format, this chapter argues for our brains neurological flexibility through an array of examples, ranging from historical observations to scientific experiments, and ends cautioning that with malleability negative neurological effects are plausible. Carr introduces the argument for neurological flexibility with the tangible effects noted by Nietzsche, where the use of the mechanical typewriter†¦show more content†¦In Eric Kandels Aplysia experiment, Kandel showed that a slug lost sensitivity in its gills, after repeated contact to which Carr states the brain...change[s] with experience, circumstance, and need. Both, Kandels and Merzenichs, experiments lead to the same conclusion of the physical body adapting in real-time to the environment. Carr briefly writes how a man named Bernstein regained movement in his hand and leg after damaging his brain which regulated movement and how through the use of technology analyzing neural activity, Carr tells how violinists had increased cortical areas of their right hand compared to nonmusicians, and compared to their own left cortical areas. Carrs final example for the brains plasticity is with Pascual-Leones experiment. Pascual-Leone mapped the brain activity of a group of people playing certain notes on a piano, and a group imagining themselves playing the notes. He concluded that their brains had both changed in response to the experiment, both in playing, and imagining playing. Pascual-Leones work showed that the human brain can change itself neurologically without physical activity. Carr summarizes, We become, neurologically, what we think. Carr asserts through these scientific experiments that not only were Freu d, J.Z. Young, and William James, correct , but the adult brain...is not just plastic but...massively plastic. CarrShow MoreRelatedOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pages(1976) cognitive theory of emotional disorders. From these two theoretical perspectives on clinical disorders, a new cognitive-behavioral approach to obsessions and compulsions was born. In many respects, my own professional development has taken a path similar to that seen in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessional states. My roots are in the behavioral tradition, dating back to the early 1980s when I was a graduate student at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, England. My interest

Leadership in Organisation Assignment Example

Essays on Leadership in Organisation Assignment The paper "Leadership in Organisation" is a worthy example of an assignment on marketing. Workforce planning is selecting and recruiting the correct person because organizations while looking to hire employees have to ensure that the workforce matches the job requirements. This means choosing the correct employee for the job and only hiring employees without matching the job requirements will not provide the required return the business is looking at. In this competitive world, specialized services have become imperative which makes it important that organizations hire employees based on the job requirements and not merely look to hire employees (Engleberg Wynn, 2002). Organizations while hiring employees look at the long term perspective and look towards building employees for higher positions in the organization. This requires knowledge and skills in the respective field which thereby increases the role of workforce planning in ensuring that employees hired are as per the requirem ents and will help the business in the long run (Clunies, 2007).An example in this direction is banks. Banks have to ensure that the workforce requirement matches the growth in the business. Since they work in the service sector it is imperative to provide high-quality service to retain customers. This makes it important that the banks start to look for prospective employees both within and outside the organization. The workforce should be such that they are capable of handling the different task entrusted upon them and understands the objectives of the organization (Engleberg Wynn, 2002). Since it is a specialized service the bank should impart training both on and off the job. Care should also be taken to have employees as per the requirements and special efforts should be made while designing the job so that employees who are selected match the job criteria. This will help to ensure correct employees for the correct job and using the in house employees will ensure that the emplo yees are motivated and work towards a common goal.This increases the importance of ensuring that the correct person is hired as recruiting a wrong person for the job will result in selecting a candidate that cannot do justice for the job. This will make the organization suffer as the required workforce will be unable to deliver quality service (Derr, 2002). This increases the importance of national demographics as it helps to understand the workforce constituent and based on it the organization can look towards recruiting the correct talent so that the business is able to achieve its objectives. The national demographics provide organization information relating to the educational skills which are helping the organization tap the correct sources and get the best manpower. This also helps the organization to understand the changes their business needs to undergo which helps to determine the training required and ensure the workforce according to the changing scenario.

Rationale and Methodology Free Essays

The biblical account of the battle between David and Goliath is a story which offers inexhaustible life-lessons. For instance, when seen within the context of problem solving, one can put on the shoes David and say, â€Å"Goliath is so big, I don’t stand a chance†, or â€Å"Goliath is so big, I can’t miss. † Suffice it to say that these perspectives sufficiently determine whether one ends up as triumphant or looser in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Rationale and Methodology or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper presents an analysis of the rigors involved in ensuring the continued presence and progressive expansion of BAE Systems in Kava, an island in the South Pacific which, by right of analogy, is one humungous Goliath both literally and figuratively. As such, this paper is not so much concerned with providing concrete alternatives as prospective solutions in view of the aforesaid goal, as this is more an attempt to firstly identify the issues and problems that the company presently faces. It is also to be expected that the norms governing critical thinking shall be employed herein in as many instances as possible. Circumscribing Goliath: Challenges and Opportunities in Kava Alex’s candid but straightforward assessment of the conditions in Kava clearly states the need for a lot of brainstorming. As in the case for most strategic planning, one sits on a problem with thoughtful consideration to determine all contributing causes in order to address them with correct solutions. Simply put, to solve a problem means to first identify it, give it a name, determine its enormity, measure its impact, and even anticipate its damage. In fact, the rules governing scientific investigation (and even correct logic for that matter) also suggest the same thing. Solving problems, it maintains, â€Å"begins when (one) is confronted with something that appears to need explanation† (Copi and Cohen, p. 552). Unless one is willing to take time in studying the intricate details of the problem, one is most likely to ‘miss’ the target in the process. Besides, most psychologists have noted that â€Å"most people’s spontaneous and intuitive approaches to problems† end up â€Å"frequently wrong† (Halpern, 1996, p. 6). Taking time to map subsequent courses of action truly starts with going into the problem with much thought and consideration. After all, having a â€Å"well defined† or â€Å"ill-defined† problem determines the success rate of anyone who tries to get into the bottom of a given crisis (Halpern, 1996, p. 317) The first task in slaying the Kava-Goliath therefore lies in this: circumscribe it. On the one hand, one can look at Kava with eyes fixed on the challenges it poses; i. e. , one needs to isolate the problems (Sofranac, 2006). First, the problem of geography. Kava is an island; and most likely, its being separated from mainland economies can mean that transporting goods to and from the place will be more costly than doing business in an easily accessible land. Not only would it mean higher budgetary allocation for transport of BAE Systems goods, it can also spell delays and – in times of typhoons, tornadoes or volcanic eruption – suspension of business all together. Second, the problem of demography and its influence on Kava’s economy. It was said that nearly 50% of the island’s population are 15 years and below. If one were to translate it in economic transcripts, it would be safe to assume that only 40% of the population, or less, are working to fuel the economy. A portion, say 5-10% of the population must be regarded as incapacitated and/or elderly. Thus, the younger composition of Kava’s demography means that its economy more consumptive than productive. This does not yet consider the state of health of the working populace. In an island – contained as it were – where HIV or Avian flu is reported, the rate of business expansion is most likely to be affected by the workforce either suffering from, or fearing the spread of the diseases thereof. Third, on the viability of return investment for BAE. There is a need to consider the nature of the business the BAE Systems is engaged with, in relation to the needs of the island. These factors properly determine the health of the supply and demand market which BAE needs to handle. It must be noted well that BAE supplies products which are not so much accessible to, or are needed by general public consumers. BAE Systems deliver products which include, but not limited to communication and identification devices, â€Å"navigation and warfare solutions†, warfare systems, fighters and missiles, â€Å"countermeasure for both military and commercial aircraft†, among others (Wikipedia). On the other hand, one may also need to look at Kava with eyes fixed on opportunities; i. e. , one needs to also explore alternatives (Sofronac, 2006). While Kava may be an island full of challenging conditions for the company, it is not an utterly hopeless place to conduct business with. One should also consider that its economy is driven by production of Petroleum, a lucrative and profit generating business to say the least. Surely, this type of business needs to protect itself from threats of terrorism, which the country is not unfamiliar with. Second, one should consider too the cheap but quality cost of labor throughout the island. It is something that the company can capitalize from, in order to create an excellent workforce for the company. One may also explore the cheaper operation costs for the company as the island seems to produce an array of crop-produces for its own consumption. Preliminary Recommendation: First things first To be sure, the process of formulating problems does not end up with the identification of forces involved only. There is a need to further classify them. At the very least, one needs to see which problems are urgent – and therefore needs immediate attention – as against which ones need long term attention due to complexity. The continued presence of BAE in Kava demands that it first focus on squaring with the urgent problems at hand: the high cost of having to weather geographical and environmental difficulties, the equally costly transport of goods and services (because it is an island), the need to establish cheap but competent workforce, and the tall prospect of having the business survive the supply-demand market. Since in most decision making process, one would find being confronted with a multitude of goals given a limited number of resources (Betsch and Haberstroh, 2004, p. 1), ensuring that these aforementioned priorities are first met will be fundamental l to the achievement of such goal BAE sets. Critical thinking dictates that in a decision making process, â€Å"maximizing payoffs and minimizing risks† is a rule of prime importance (Betsch and Haberstroh, 2004, p. 1). While there are other smaller, but legitimate concerns to address – such as logistics, difference in time frame, re-supply issues, among others – contemplating seriously on solving the most fundamental concerns pertinent to doing business is an essential ingredient to savoring success. References Betsch, T. and Haberstroh, S, eds. (2004). The Routines of Decision Making. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Copi, I. and Cohen, C. Introduction to Logic (Tenth Edition). Prentice Hall International Editions. Halpern, D. (1996). Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Sofronac, R. (2006). Preparing Business Scenario Analyses. University of Phoenix: Unpublished Reprinted with permission. www. wikipedia. com. Retrieved 09 June 2008. How to cite Rationale and Methodology, Papers

Jackson Pollock Working Methods Essays - American Abstract Artists

Jackson Pollock: Working Methods Jackson Pollack was a complex man who brought many things into the forefront of impressionism. Although he led a very short life of 44 years he was known as one of the pioneers of abstract impressionism. His abstract painting techniques and unhealthy psychological being made him very sought after, studied and critiqued. Within his complexity came out a brilliant artist that was widely considered the most influential painter of the 20th century. Pollack's first documented adventure into the art world was in 1929 when he began to study painting at the Art Students' League in New York City. Jackson, by this time in his life had already become a full-blown alcoholic. His brother, Sanford who taught as an apprentice at the school, was living with him in 1937 while Jackson continued attending school, wrote to Charles Beard a family friend. Jack has been having a very difficult time with himself. This past year has been a succession of periods of emotional instability for him which is usually expressed by a complete loss of responsibility both to himself and to us. Accompanied, of course with drinking. It came to the point where it was obvious that the man needed help. He was mentally sick. So I took him to a well recommended Doctor, a Psychiatrist, who has been trying to help the man find himself. As you know troubles such as his are very deep-rooted, in childhood usually, and it takes a long while to get them ironed out. He has been going some six months now and I feel there is a slight improvement in his point of view.1 Jackson Pollock was a very troubled man with deep personal issues. He tried to express himself through his paintings, his only release valve for his troubles and issues. He had had troublesome behavior from the time he was an adolescent and had already developed a drinking problem by the age of sixteen. By the age of twenty-five he had been in a car accident which was his fault, and had been arrested in Martha's Vineyard for drunkenness and disturbing the peace.2 Jackson was definitely headed down the wrong trail. One of Jackson's good life influences was Thomas Hart Benton who not only gave him his first true guidance in painting, but also introduced him to popular literature on psychology and to literary friends with special interest in the mind and its workings. Shortly after starting to study under Benton, Pollack became a family friend by spending part of each summer at the Bentons' vacationing cottage on Martha's Vineyard.3 In his early works he was mostly dedicated to Regional ist work being heavily influenced by Mexican muralist painters Orozco, Rivera, and Sizueiros. Although he did experiment with abstraction of objects in line type paintings. Even with being trained under a realist in Benton, Jackson branched out to explore the expression of himself through his abstract paintings. In 1936 Pollock worked in a experimental workshop where he worked on floats and banners for the Communist demonstrations, but shortly his interest in politics diminished and the one for psychological arose. 1939 brought Jackson's his first psychological treatment from psychoanalyst Dr. Joseph Henderson. From 1938 to 1942 Pollock worked for the Federal Art Project, and by the mid-40's he was painting in a completely abstract manner. In 1944 Jackson met and married his Lee Krasner, also an abstract impressionist of great influence in the 20th century. In 1947 Pollock abruptly started working in what he was famous for, his drip and splash method. He continued painting throughou t the early 50's, and in 1956 Time magazine named Jackson Jack the Dripper.4 Later in 1956, Pollock would shock the world when he was in a fatal car wreck which added to his already legendary status as an artist, and was a demonstration of the harsh violent displayed in his paintings. Jackson was most well known for his drip paintings, which were created in a very unheard of?unusual way. He attached his canvases to the wall or floor dancing around them attacking it from all four sides. He would use about anything but a paintbrush to apply the paint to the canvas. He most often stood over the work slinging

Importance of Education to Student

Importance of Education to Student Student athletes have numerous personal values and traits that have enabled them to exist athletically. These traits comprise of discipline, resilience, commitment, work ethics, as well as, the ability to handle pressure. However, most student athletes do not realize that these traits can be transferred to academics, as well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Education to Student-Athletes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Education enables student athletes to develop appropriate skills that they require to be independent and to succeed in academics. Although athletics forms a vital part of a student athletes’ life, it is vital to understand that they are students in the first place. Athletics may have contributed to their admission in schools they attend. However, the main reason is to be educated. Student athletes should understand that the moment they start high school, universities will enhance t heir scores in academics. It is up to them to decide whether to keep doors open or closed depending on their ability on what they do. They should understand that the fundamental things can be done as well in academics. Some schools or colleges let student athletes obtain inadequate school work. These student athletes are provided with favors that other students do not receive. This has made student athletes get discouraged, not caring about the advantages or disadvantages of education in their career. Student athletes spare a lot of time to prepare for success in their profession. In spite of this, athletics drain them of physical and mental energy; hence, making their levels of concentration in class to reduce. In addition, student athletes are accorded exceptional attention since some of them are given make-up tests or alternative. Most athlete departments only require student athletes to be eligible but are not concerned with their academic success. Student athletes should attend school with the purpose of obtaining an education. However, some student athletes have turned the opportunity to a profit making activity. They obtain scholarships in the form of tuition, accommodation, meals, as well as, fees. In addition, some of these student athletes also obtain grants and opportunity funds to meet their personal needs. Furthermore, they get the opportunity to travel and socialize with other people.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most athlete students do not value education and the reason of becoming athletic students. Thus, education enables student athletes to develop and refine their skills. The major reason of participating in college athletics is to train a student athlete how to succeed in life. Furthermore, education helps in shaping the character and mental toughness. It allows student athletes to know how to manage time well, as well as, other valuable life experiences. Participating in athletic is an education tool but this fact is misunderstood by many people. In fact, the participation in athletics is an added advantage. Obtaining an education from a recognized institution make student athletes to interact with other people, hence develop friendships that are long-lasting. Education enables them to acquire personal and professional success through participating as student athletes. Furthermore, student athletes who understand the benefit of education will get lucrative jobs after graduation and will also value the benefits of scholarships, as well as, the value of student athletes’ experiences. In conclusion, education enables the student athletes to have knowledge in tackling society’s challenging demands during and after college life. Student athletes will have personal development academically, socially, emotionally, as well as, athletically and gain higher maturity levels, self responsibility, overal l success, and be responsible members in the society.

Show and Tell Transform Your Writing Using Both - Freewrite Store

Show and Tell Transform Your Writing Using Both - Freewrite Store Today’s guest post is by Jackie Dever, associate editor at Aionios Books, a small traditional-model publisher based in Southern California.    From the laminated poster on the wall of your third-grade classroom to the margin notes provided by fellow wordsmiths in your critique group, one slogan keeps cropping up throughout most of our writing lives: â€Å"Show, don’t tell.† The impulse to simplify writerly advice is legitimate. But as with most things in life, it’s best to think carefully before applying negative labels. â€Å"Show† and â€Å"tell† don’t have to clash on the page. Instead of rating one method over the other, it’s time to understand how and when each of these strategies can help you.   Showing Stories aren’t limited to the visual, so literary showing goes beyond painting word pictures. Showing evokes the senses, and the lushest writing conjures allof them. If your reader can see it, hear it, smell it, taste it, or touch it, congratulations! You’re showing. Your character doesn’t only watch the waves churning the shimmery green ocean to a froth- she feels the oozing of sand between her toes and the sting of saltwater in the razor nick on her ankle. She tastes the salty tang of the sea and hears the dull roar of the waves. She sees bruise-like patches of kelp out beyond the breakers. You don’t have to put each scene through a checklist of sensory details. Choose the ones that feel most natural to your perspective characters’ perceptions. A young kid at a petting zoo, for example, would focus on the fluffiness of sheep and silkiness of goats’ ears. A man camping alone on the Appalachian Trail, on the other hand, would pay close attention to the after-dark sounds of the surrounding woods. It’s easy to mistake adjectives like â€Å"beautiful† or â€Å"terrifying† for showing. But every reader imagines these concepts differently. Genuine showing removes the guesswork. It guides readers to one shared scene. Really extreme showing zooms in with microscopic clarity. These enlargements are a lot of fun to read when done right. But careful- they can also mess with the pace of your narrative and make your important themes harder to pick out. When you give everything excessive significance, everything losesimportance. Telling Telling conveys information without textured details. It’s just the facts, ma’am. The reader fills in gaps with imagination. When you’re telling, your character puts her foot in the ocean, but she doesn’t feel, smell, or hear it. Telling helps to keep a story’s pace or provide background knowledge. Telling in its purest form reads like a boiled-down summary. We tend to scoff at it, but like showing, telling is important in any story. When to Show You want your audience to engage with your created world, but in a deliberate way. Use your descriptive powers to control readers’ focus. Ideally, whatever they notice, wherever they pause to admire a passage, you’ve masterminded the pattern with your words. Ask yourself â€Å"why?† with each description. Why do you need four sentences about the cheese sandwich on a restaurant table? Unless that sandwich has a critical function in the plot, no one cares much about the exact sponginess of its bread or the oily texture of its melted American cheese. Communicate a Theme Your selective showing gives readers clues while still letting them infer deeper significance for themselves. It’s the difference between stating that â€Å"the boy desperately wanted to win the race† and describing the physical sensations he experiences as the finish line nears. Foreshadow the Importance of Something Emphasis on items or locations nudges readers to look out for the future relevance these things will have to the plot. In a whodunit, you can’t tell them right off the bat that the baseball the twitchy first baseman keeps socking from one hand to the other is the murder weapon, but you can describe it down to the stich. Or maybe you choose to defer the location of the climactic storm scene in your harrowing adventure tale, but you can subtly prepare readers with rich-detailed beach or boating scenes. Slow the Reader Down to Ratchet Up Tension When you make your reader pause to notice every detail in a selected scene, you render her vulnerable to a sudden shift in tone. You give her a sense of anticipation about events to come, but you distract her with painstaking details- the feel of the porch rail on the abandoned house and the weight of the humid air- at crucial points. You’ve got her flinching at every description of touch, sound, and fluttering shadow. Then, when she’s in this heightened state, you bring the scene’s conclusion crashing down. When to Tell Not every scene merits a show. Telling, however small its share of a story, is still a great skill to master. Provide Background A summary of a character’s history or an explanation of terminology gives context to your words. In order to avoid long, dull passages, offer relevant details on an as-needed basis, directly before the related scene. Move Prose Forward Quickly Connective scenes are important for explaining shifts in location or time, but they’re usually best dispensed with quickly. Travel-itinerary scene? â€Å"Jason boarded a redeye flight to Taiwan† is all the reader needs to know. Save your sensory enticements for after wheels down. Give Context You might need to quickly prepare your readers to confront a certain mood or theme. So you’ll tell them that John was sad because his wife had left three days ago, that John’s marriage had been unhappy for years. Then you’ll show the stacks of pizza boxes, the smell of trash in the sink, and the all-night sound of infomercials that marked his decline. Let the Reader Interpret an Abstract Concept Broad adjectives are appealing in situations where you want readers to imagine a detail for themselves. Maybe you want your character to be generically handsome. You use abstract adjectives like â€Å"intense† â€Å"strong† and â€Å"rugged† to get the point across. Then readers graft their own vision of handsomeness onto your character (rather than make do with your version of the term). Always Know the Details, Whether You Share Them or Not You aren’t going to divulge everything to the reader, but you’ll still need to know all the details yourself. Readers are smart- they can tell when you got bored midway through the chapter and dumped all that info just to get through it. Blending Show and Tell Sophisticated writers understand â€Å"show† and â€Å"tell† as points in a continuum, each of which has value in certain scenes. Using one device doesn’t mean you shouldn’t use the other. Often they even work together in the same paragraph. When you want to infuse more expository passages with some mild showing, work your nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Does your character drive a car or a cherry-red Camaro? Is the man on the bench merely old or is he liver-spotted? Does the villain walk or does he stride? A single word change can help to solidify your imagery.      Mature Writers Use Their Full Skill Set As elementary-age authors, we use the tools we’re given, commandments handed down by our teachers to help us sharpen our composition skills. Since a nine-year-old is more likely to barrel toward a story’s finish than to get waylaid in thickets of flowery prose, â€Å"Thou shalt show, not tell† prevails. But while even the grown-up writer does need an occasional reminder to stop and smell the sensory details, the value of one writing strategy doesn’t negate the value of another. A judicious combination of showing and telling will help you to accomplish every writer’s goal- to keep your readers turning pages.    Wordslingers, what are your thoughts on showing and telling? Let us know in the comments!    Jackie Dever is an editor and writer in Southern California. She has edited blogs, corporate materials, academic texts, novels, and biographies. She is an associate editor at Aionios Books, a small traditional-model publisher based in Southern California. She recently finished proofreading the 2017 San Diego Book Award–winning memoir A Few Minor Adjustments(September 2017) by Cherie Kephart. She blogs about writing and publishing, millennial lifestyle trends, and outdoor sports.

The different negotiation styles between U.S. and Sweden Research Paper

The different negotiation styles between U.S. and Sweden - Research Paper Example   The business environment in Sweden and U.S. is completely different as analyzed by PEST analysis. According to AMB Country Report (2010), Sweden has very low economic risk, political risk and financial risk. Political conditions in Sweden are very stable for doing business. For example, although Sweden is a member of European Union, however, it has not joined European Exchange Rate Mechanism because political parties argue that Euro cannot be adopted without the public referendum (AMB Country Risk Report, 2010). With a population of 9 million in 2010, annual GDP growth rate of 4.5 percent in 2010, inflation rate of 1.4 percent and abundant of natural resources of forests, timber, arsenic, copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten, hydroelectric power, iron, uranium, feldspar and arsenic, Sweden offers ideal economic conditions to conduct business (Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, 2010). Swedish people have direct communication style; however, they are usually quiet, reserve an d shy. Moreover, they prefer working in flat hierarchical organizational structures with informal working conditions and authority at all hierarchical levels (Communicaid, 2009). Technological developments and innovation in Sweden provide a highly competitive business environment. According to Global Information Technology Report 2009-2010, Sweden is the highest scorer in Information and Communication Technology (Hennigan, 2010). Companies operating in U.S. are more exposed to political risks because of high government interference.   ... According to Global Information Technology Report 2009-2010, Sweden is the highest scorer in Information and Communication Technology (Hennigan, 2010). Companies operating in U.S. are more exposed to political risks because of high government interference. Early U.S. leaders believed in Laissez-faire concept which opposes government interference except to sustain law and order and the new leads are seeking to develop close ties between business and government (U.S. Department of State). U.S. is a developed state with 9.65 million population in 2010, GDP growth of 3.5 percent in 2009 and highly developed manufacturing and service sector (U.S. Department of State, 2010). People in U.S. are very excited and adventurous towards their tasks and they prefer working individually rather than teams (LMSCO, 2004). Technological conditions in U.S. are very favorable for businesses and it is evident from the fact that U.S. has been rated on number 2 in the last of top ten innovation driven econo mies (Virki, 2010). Negotiation styles vary based on culture. According to Hofstede, negotiators in the national cultures with high power distance are more comfortable with hierarchical structures, transparent authority figures and in an environment where the right to use power with discretion is preferred. On the other hand, negotiators in the national cultures with low power distance are more comfortable with flat hierarchies and democratic structures, shared authority and in the environment where the right to use power is limited to certain circumstances (LeBaron). The negotiation styles of U.S. and Swedish negotiators vary because American negotiators are aggressive, strong and have a formal

Argument of Scientific Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argument of Scientific Realism - Essay Example Hilary Putnam claims that â€Å"The positive argument for realism is that it is the only philosophy that does not make the success of science a miracle† as quoted in Curd and Cover. A great number of scientific realists have opposed his view by presenting their arguments. Among different scientific realists, Bas van Fraassen and Larry Laudan are scientific realists who have debated against the claim of Hilary Putnam more accurately. The argument presented by Hilary Putnam is known as no-miracle argument that elaborates the scientific realism to be no-miracle because of the theoretical features of scientific theories. The argument of scientific realism had been forwarded because the scientific theories could only be possible and accurate when the approximate truth will be concluded. This is the biggest limitation of scientific theories that dents the scientific realism or scientific success. The no-miracle claim by Hilary Putnam further explains the theory on the basis of abduc tion. The no-miracle claim could also be understood in terms of a hypothetical situation where an entity â€Å"A† is a fact that is known surprisingly and through premise â€Å"P† the fact â€Å"A† can be elaborated. Furthermore, if this premise is not challenged by any other hypothesis then P and A both will be true. This explains that scientific theories are always approximate showing approximate truth. Thus no-miracle argument is considered to be the strongest argument in the ongoing debate of realism (Howson, 2003). In a simpler expression, no-miracle argument can be elaborated as an argument stressing on the fact that scientific theories proposed by different scientists are just matter of approximate truth. The use of word no-miracle is associated with this argument in a way that it shows that scientific realism is just another philosophy stating the theoretical aspect of scientific success (Moran, 2004).

The Problem of Global Warming Essay -- essays research papers

Global Warming is the increase of temperature on Earth which is caused by human activities and will have very serious consequences for life on Earth if humans don't start to do something about it now. Global Warming is caused when the Greenhouse Gases combines with the atmosphere and traps heat. It is strongly related to pre-human and pre- industrial global warming, it is also weakly related to depletion of ozone layer, which was caused by the CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons) gas. The effects of global warming on the environment are dangerous, such as: rising of sea level because polar caps melt, changes in the pattern of precipitation, floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes and tornadoes. These effects would take away life and destroy houses or anything else human made. The effects of global warming on humans are also dangerous, such as: affecting human health by affecting ecosystem and productivity, air quality, diseases and agricultural production. We could prevent all of these from happening by using alternative sources, for example: wind, solar, nuclear and water power. With the help of modern technologies, we could increase the Earth?s reflectivity and keep it cool. The most important thing is to keep population under control and recycle. Global Warming is the process where in the Earth is getting warmer and the atmosphere is getting thicker because the amount of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) is increasing. Greenhouse Gases includes carbon dioxide, methane gas, nitrous oxide, water vapor and CFC (chlorofluorocarbons). These gases (except CFC) are naturally there in the atmosphere, but too much of them traps too much heat. Even though carbon dioxide is considered to be the biggest cause of global w... ...ees release lots of carbon dioxide as they are burnt. Trees should be replaced as they are chopped down. The easiest thing to start with is recycling because we could start doing it at home, office and school. Recycling paper means we reduce the need for cutting down trees for new paper and if all people started to use things carefully and recycling things, the reduction of resources need will occur. This will have positive effects and reduce Global Warming. Global Warming is a very serious problem that?s happening now to our Earth. We should do something to prevent this and become more serious before it harms us later on. There have been signs of global warming and the record of highest temperature mostly occurred on the last few years. If everybody in the world starts to do something small, the effect will be big. So, must start whenever we can.

Various Views of Knowledge

Knowledge can be interpreted in many different ways. Some may see knowledge as learned education. Others may see education as intelligence. None of these perspectives of knowledge are right or wrong. Every person is entitled to their own definition, source, and use of knowledge in their lives. I view knowledge as the wisdom and insight that one may acquire over time, by personal experiences and influences in life. Most of the basic knowledge acquired by people starting at a young age is in school. As young children, we learn elementary facts such as our numbers and the alphabet. The older we become, the more facts we are taught, and the more complex these facts become. The knowledge one may learn in school is what I think of as worldly knowledge that will get people into the colleges and jobs that they may desire. The people that are abundant in educational knowledge are the people who dominate our economy and run our country. Certainly, this is one of the more important types of knowledge there are and definitely one that we could not do without, but it is not quite as important as some of the others. Education is vital in life, but mere facts cannot aid in the solution to all problems. Another source of knowledge is entertainment, such as in television, movies, books, or even music. Certain types of entertainment can even be education. For example, television shows such as â€Å"20/20† or â€Å"DateLine† are both very informative shows, but interesting enough to entertain the public. Entertainment can be tricky, though. The media can convince us, even brainwash us, to believe certain truths that may not be accurate. The television shows we watch and the music that we listen to are huge daily influences on our lives. They help shape the way we think, what we know, and what we feel. We follow the trends that television tells us are â€Å"in† and say the things that everyone says. We tend to try to model ourselves after the people on the big screen. The enormous impact that the media and entertainment industry has on the public grows daily with increasing technology. The internet is one of the newer sources of both education and entertainment. It is also fairly harmful. Many things that are banned from television and movies are easily accessible on the World Wide Web, to everyone, including children. The relationships that we have with people, whether it is co-workers, family, or friends, directly influence us with every interaction. In the workplace, the people that one may work with affect our work habits. If a person works in a busy, fast-paced office, he will be used to that type of lifestyle. But if that same person were to move to a slow-paced, lazy office, he would feel unproductive and lazy. At home, the people that we live with, our family, are our first teachers. Home is where we learn the morals and values that we, as adults, pass on to our children. Our manners and etiquette that are learned at home are what we bring into the outside world and portray to others. The knowledge and insight that we acquire from our family members are never forgotten and stay in our hearts and minds for a lifetime. I believe that the relationships one has with friends and lovers are important in shaping a person†s thoughts and actions. These are the people that we turn to in good times and bad, troubles and joys. They are the ones we turn to for advice and consolment. They are the ones that are with us in difficult situations. For example, if there is a group of friends and a few start smoking, it is high likely for all of them to begin smoking. Boy/Girlfriends, however, are a different, more intimate type of influence. Personally, every guy that I have ever dated has changed me in some way, whether it is significant or not. Through the different experiences and emotions one may feel through falling in and out of love, one learns some of the most important lessons of life. Just from falling in love once, one can learn so many things through mistakes and good choices. Love is knowing. My father is an extremely knowledgeable person. He may not be educated with diplomas and degrees, but he is educated with insight. His is a deeper knowledge that goes beyond the outside surface of people and into their hearts and souls. My father never passed high school education. The knowledge that he has acquired over the years has been purely from his own personal endeavors. I complemented him on his wisdom and he responded with this (in Korean): â€Å"I never thought I was smart. I hated school and always played tricks on fellow students and my teachers. I was a class clown. But as I grew older, I wished that I had paid more attention in my classes. It†s such a waste.† My father is a perfect example of wisdom without academic excellence. Don†t get me wrong. He is a very smart and clever man. His knowledge just was not learned by the books. â€Å"I†ve had a hard life. I think I have. There have been so many hard times. Things always go wrong. But when something goes wrong, at least you learn and can keep it from happening again. I†m smart. With old age comes wisdom, you know? With every little thing that happens in your life, you learn. As long as you keep learning, you†re okay.† I believe that knowledge is a gift. It is something that one can never have enough of. It is special and different in it†s own way in every individual. There is no bad or useless knowledge. Every type of knowledge has value, whether the knowledge is about math, cars, or even trash. Each piece of knowledge that we acquire make us into the people that we are. Knowledge is acquired not only through sights and sounds, but feelings and emotions. It is the key to life. As they say, â€Å"knowledge is power.†

Margaret Mead A Psychological Study Of Primitive Youth...

Margaret Mead anthropologist born in Philadelphia Pennsylvania on16 Dec, 1901. Daughter of Edward Sherwood Mead, a University of Pennsylvania economist, and Emily Fogg, a sociologist, social reformer, and a social scientist. Mead’s education included collecting data for observation and documenting. Mead s early experimental training aids to explain why she became one of the eminent women scientists of her time. Mead s course can be practically divided into two stages--before World War II, when she earned her baccalaureate degrees and managed more than twenty expeditions in the South Pacific, and later in the war, when she became more and more the social scientist. Mead obtained her B.A. in psychology from Barnard College in 1923; Mead acquired both her M.A. in psychology in 1925 and her Ph.D. in anthropology from Columbia University in 1929. Mead s original bestseller, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization (1928), an observat ion of adolescence, blasted to her fame. Another of Mead’s popular book, Growing Up in New Guinea (1930), concentrated on the initial period of child development. Lastly Mead’s Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935) is based on Mead s related experimentation between 1931-1933 on New Guinea s Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli people. In Mead’s work Sex and Temperament, Mead argued that each culture also appointed different types of personality characters to appoint to males andShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Mead-Freeman Debate1283 Words   |  6 PagesNature versus Nurture Controversy: Critical Analysis of The Mead-Freeman Debate Research Topic Outline In 1983, Derek Freeman challenged Margaret Mead’s 1928 ethnographic work Coming of Age in Samoa, Freeman asserted that Mead’s conclusion of adolescent behavior conflicted with important facts within the social sciences. Freeman’s critique sparked an intense controversy in anthropology regarding the concept of nature versus nurture. Freeman claimed that Boasians’ insisted on separating cultural determinismRead MoreAdoption Are Beating The Adoption Odds By Cynthia D. Martin1035 Words   |  5 PagesWeldon Johnson. Johnson, James W. The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, J. W. Johnson, 1912. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. 2a. 2b. The title of the book is The Distance Education Evolution: Issues and Case Studies. 2c. The book has three authors: Dominique Monolescu, Catherine Schifter, Linda Greenwood. 2d. The book can be found under the subjects of Distance Education- computer assisted instruction. Higher Education -computer- assisted instruction. EducationRead MoreSlavery and Racism in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy Essay2930 Words   |  12 PagesThe study of African American history has grown phenomenally over the last few decades and the debate over the relationship between slavery and racial prejudice has generated tremendous amounts of scholarship. There’s a renewed sense of interest in the academia with a new emphasis on studies and discussions pertaining to complicated relationships slavery as an institution has with racism. It is more so when the potential for recovering additional knowledge seems to be limitless. Even in the fieldsRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesbridge over the Mississippi River, Hughes looked from the window at the muddy, rolling water and was inspired to write a poem. The Mississippi, like the Euphrates, the Congo, and Nile rivers, symbolized the life blood of black people who had built civilizations upon river banks. On the back of an envelope, Hughes wrote a free verse poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers that ends with the line, My soul has grown deep like the rivers. During the following year, Hughes soul did grow deeper as he expanded

They Poured Fire on Us from the Sky Essay - 2394 Words

About the Book Benjamin, Alepho, and Benson were raised among the Dinka tribe of Sudan. Theirs was an insulated, close-knit world of grass-roofed cottages, cattle herders, and tribal councils. The lions and pythons that prowled beyond the village fences were the greatest threat they knew. All that changed the night the government-armed Murahiliin began attacking their villages. Amid the chaos, screams, conflagration, and gunfire, five-year-old Benson and seven-year-old Benjamin fled into the dark night. Two years later, Alepho, age seven, was forced to do the same. Between 1987 and 1989, thousands of other young Sudanese boys did likewise, joining this stream of child refugees that became known as the Lost Boys. Their journey would†¦show more content†¦What does he learn from the tribe elders? For much of his journey, Benson wears red shorts. Where did he get these? They are almost ruined one night. What happens to them? Why does he treasure these shorts so much? Along their journey, Benson, Benjamin, and Alepho meet many kind family and friends. Who is Monyde? Who is Yier? Why are they important in this story? Despite their clear desperation and young age, time and again the boys find villages turning them away, denying them food, and directing them back into enemy hands. Why do the villages do this? Yier recalls the government storming Wau Wau University. â€Å"We were led to the dorms and questioned: Do you know the leader of the rebels, ______?† What was the name of this leader? As the refugee camp takes shape at Panyido, the UN begins sending food relief. What do they send? How does this diet differ from the usual Dinka diet? What are some of its mis-intended consequences? (see p. 92) Benson writes â€Å"I have many bad memories that I will never erase from my brain† but of these, the flight from Panyido stands out. Why were the Sudanese forced to leave Panyido (Ethiopia)? The refugees had only one means back into Sudan. What was it? What were the perils of this flight? Who was Mr. Hyena? Why did the refugees call him that? Name two positive aspects of Kakuma life for the Lost Boys. Name two negative aspects of it. At Kakuma, refugees receive food in the form of grainShow MoreRelatedEssay about They Poured Fire on Us from the Sky by Alephonsion Den1523 Words   |  7 Pageswere, are driven away from their own home with violence. This caused a significant change in how they viewed the world.â€Å"I couldnt understand why people were killing us. Did Alchol deserve to die? What wrong had we done to these people? Oh, Ma, why the killing?† The three boys also act so different compared to how we do, when around their own home they are expected to never cry, even this is put to the limits during some everyday tasks. One thing that is way different from the way we live is thatRead MoreInnocence and Experience1681 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the world around us, we were all innocent to life and what it had to bring. It was not until we grew older that we began to lose our innocence with every new experience. Growing older means taking responsibility, accepting and overcoming life’s hardsh ips and understanding oneself. So as we reach adulthood we begin to question when the conversion from innocence to experience occurs and what causes and marks this coming of age. In the novel They Poured Fire on Us From The Sky, the characters andRead MoreI Am Standing Still - Original Writing995 Words   |  4 PagesI Am Standing†¦Still Fire†¦frozen and overflowing, Slowly melting into my world like a flaming flood. Scorching everything and nothing†¦there is no blood, Freezing the burn, but the flame is still glowing. The fire targeted me†¦everyone else it neglected, Sometimes I feel like I have been injected, With an icy serum; I think I was selected, To bear the burdens that plague beloved heads, I take on their worries while they rest in their beds. Tub of water filled with frozen fire, Maneuvering to theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Heil 1622 Words   |  7 Pageschosen by God as â€Å"divine sojourners† in his plan. This emphasizes two aspects of their relationship to God: They have been chosen by God and so can hope for salvation in Christ and because they have been chosen they ought to live holy (set apart) lives from the pagan world they are in. Thus, Peter prays that grace be multiplied in them. He then tells them that their trials are a kind of purification for their faith, so their worship may be more perfect. Peter says that it is through Christ that we areRead MoreA Report On The Night1335 Words   |  6 PagesChicago’s imminent seeming glow from the lights is starting to flicker and dim. Windows turn off, second by second. The window cleaning personnel raise themselves up on their scaffolds to start their nightly work; cleaning each window of Willis Tower, home of the Skydeck. An ABC News helicopter flies by with four passengers aboard. I am one of those passengers - a news reporter, reporting a standstill traffic jam. To imagine myself as just a maraca shaped dot in the sky is above my, so to say, â€Å"ImaginationRead MoreDescriptive Essay : The Scent Of Vanilla Scented Candles 1243 Words   |  5 Pagespleaded the body to barricade or it ll regret it, but my legs refused to listen. Slithering across the floor, I skyrocketed closer and closer when a scream burst through the room accordingly into the hallway. The stormy afternoon sizzled across the sky, showering the land of Texas in the summer of 2012. Lying on top of my bed, I was playing with my toys when the electricity zoomed through the house and out the door in a flash. The darkness expanded throughout the house, matching the speed of lightRead MoreEssay on The Themes of Good and Evil in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1346 Words   |  6 Pagesto them, this id the loving side of the Monster coming through. He tells of Frankenstein how he felt when he burned down the family’s cottage in his rage; he’s evil because he loves too much. He also tells Frankenstein about how he saved a girl from drowning in a river, and how the father of the girl shot him when he saw her in his arms. Lastly in chapter 16 he tells Frankenstein how he killed his younger brother, William, and how he planted the locket on Josephine in the barn, because he knewRead MoreShort Story1363 Words   |  6 Pagesout.† Juma added. Instantly, wanting to identify the animal[s]making the moans, Dr. KK said, â€Å"No! I would not have any one of us go anywhere alone. Please wait!† The whole place was quiet, the moon rose high as it illuminated the night, highlighting images of different terrains and vegetation and outlining them in the dark. The stars continued to shine up high into the sky, the crickets never stopped their chorus, and in the midst of all this, they heard occasional elephants’ trumpets, the lions’Read MoreShort Story1015 Words   |  5 Pagesyours?† An annoyed groan escapes Philip Jaxson as he set down his wrench to stretch his arm. â€Å"For the last time, Mr. Decimus, it’s a time machine! The first of its kind! Also, it’s not ‘cursed,’ it’s solar powered!† He then looked up at the empty sky that seemed to have no end and grumbled, â€Å"This is what I get for trying to go green.† â€Å"I have no concern for the properties of your cursed box, fool.† Gerald Decimus snapped back at the scientist before returning his attention to his table. He glaredRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies1262 Words   |  6 PagesEvils are what drive all of the negative things in society. Characteristics of evil are all around us in our everyday lives. political leaders, celebrities, People we idolize show characteristics of evil. Even small insignificant roles in society hold certain evils in their motives. Throughout this story these evils were for once boldly stated for all to understand. The games the boys play,the fire they set, and their rescue, in the Lord of the flies shows the theme that evil is inside every man

Controversies with the Walt Dinsey Company - 1471 Words

When someone is asked what their favorite childhood movie is, their mind most likely automatically thinks of one word- Disney. Once they think of that there is an array of movies to choose from. The Walt Disney Company has been making its place in this world for almost one hundred years. Over the decades Disney has become a household name whether it be through their blockbuster movies, television channel, books, products, resorts, cruise line or their world famous theme parks. The Walt Disney Company has spread its ideas and products of imagination throughout the globe. However, some may consider this to be negative when considering its past and recent controversies. Disney has hurt its reputation because of cases of poor environmental management, human rights violations, and its ethnic and racial stereotyping. To understand how globally profound The Walt Disney Company is, you must see the history behind the multi-billion dollar business. Like most businesses it started out as a sm all company when brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney created â€Å"The Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio† on October 6, 1923. The following January the first Mickey Mouse cartoon strip was formed which would later on be one of its most famous trademarks. In October of 1949, Disney Music was created and six years later on July 17th of 1955, the first Disney Park, Disneyland in Anaheim California, opened its doors. Following this, television show Mickey Mouse Club, and Mary Poppins premiered.

Mcb Internship Report Free Essays

[pic] INTERNSHIP REPORT ON MUSLIM COMMERCIAL BANK Instructed by: Mr. Naveed Ahmed Lecturer Comsats Institute of Information Technology Presented by: Muhammad Hussain MBA-A Roll No. 65 Semester 3 DEDICATION I dedicate whole of my education along with my life to my beloved parents and respected teachers, who were always kind to me. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcb Internship Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now May God Bless Them (Aamin). Muhammad Hussain TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preface 2. Introduction Of Bank 3. Types of Bank 4. Executive Summary of MCB 5. History of MCB 6. Vision Mission Statement of MCB 7. Commercial Bank 8. Branches ATMs 19 9. Product Services21 10. Department in MCB25 11. Management Hierarchy28 12. Investment Banking 13. Know Your Customer 14. Remittance Department 15. Financial Statements 16. SWOT analysis 17. Work Performed By Me 18. Findings 19. Recommandations PREFACE Banking sector owes a pivotal importance in the economy of any country through its variant functions. This basic motivator that stressed me to join any bank for Internship Training. Moreover, the experience and practice learned during this tenure also prove very helpful and facilitating in the forthcoming professional life. This report is the result of two months Internship will, Muslim Commercial bank, Kot Fareed, Sahiwal. The motive behind selecting this bank is that it is one of the Top 10 Asia, Bank‘s. The fact remains that Muslim Commercial bank, posses an excel/cut and historical importance being the most senior and leading in terms fluids and services to Pakistan at all ages of life. I had with the strong belief that this report will guide and facilitate the readers to understand the functioning of banking system and more importantly have good knowledge about Muslim Commercial bank. My utmost efforts to elaborate this report wit, material read, listened and observed. Yet, I feel that this period was not long enough to learn and understand the complex and widespread functioning of banking sector. I am really thankful to the entire staff members of the aforesaid branch for the friendly and cooperative behavior during my internship. Muhammad Hussain MBA-A Roll No. 65 w ell-developed banking setup plays very significant role in the economic development of a country. Banking sector is precondition for the development of any country. The banking sector helps in proper utilization of resources of the country by financing the less developed sector. It also helps to keep cumulative demand in proper balance with the supply of those resources, which are responsive to monetary demand. DEFINITION OF BANK. â€Å"A bank is an institution, which deals in money. † I BROADLY SPEAKING â€Å"Banks draw surplus money from the people who are not using it at that time, and lend to those who are in a position to use it for productive purposes. † 2 IN OTHER WORDS â€Å"Bank also accepts the deposits from public repayable on demand or otherwise and withdrawal by cheques. Drafts order and include any post office saving bank. † BANK. The word bank is said to have been derived from the Italian words â€Å"Bancus† or â€Å"Banque†. The History of banking is transacted to be as early as 200 B. C. PEGETS DEFINITION: no one anybody. Corporate or otherwise can be a banker who does not: I Open current account 2 Pay cheques drawn on him 3 Collect cheques for his customers. HARTS DEFINITION. â€Å"A hanker is one who is in the ordinary course of his business, honors cheques drawn upon his by persons from and for whom he receives money on current account. † ACCORDING TO THE BANKING COMPANIES ORDINANC, 1962: SECTION 5(B): â€Å"Banker means a person transacting the business of accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment, of deposits from the public, and withdrawal by cheques, drafts, order of otherwise, and inclined any post office saving banks. † IMPORTANCE OF BANKING. Banks play very important role in the economic life of a nation. The growth of the economy is dependent upon the soundness of its banking system. Although banks so not create new wealth but borrow, exchange and consume. These make generation of wealth. In this way. They become most effective partners in the development of that country. To encourage the habit of saving and to mobilize these savings is its basic purpose. Banks deposit surplus from the public and then advances the surpluses in the form of loans to the industrialists, agriculturists, businessmen and unemployed people under different schemes so that they setup their own business. Thus banks help in capital formation if there are no banks, and then there would be concentration of wealth in few hands great portion of wealth of a country would be idle. In the fewer developing countries rate of saving is very low and due to this rate of investment and rate of growth is very low. We can take hank just like a heart in the economic structure and capital provided by it is like blood in it. As long as the blood is in circulation, the organs will remain sound and healthy. If the blood is not provided to any organ then the organ would become useless. So if the finance is not provided to agriculture sector or to industrial sector, it wills he destroyed. Loan facility provided by bank works as an incentive to the producer to increase production. Banks provide transfer of payment facility, which is cheaper, quicker and safe. Many difficulties in the international payment have been overcome and volume of transactions has been increased. These facilities are very much helpful for the development of trade and commerce. EVOLUTION OF BANKING IN INDO PAK SUB-CONTINENT: The Indian society was quite familiar with the banking, right for the beginning. There is also sufficient evidence to show that during 51h century people were accustomed to use 1-lounds as a credit investment. Loans were given to the people against personal and other Securities such as ornaments, goods and other immovable properties. TYPES OF BANK: Following is the list of various types of banks: Central Bank Commercial Bank Exchange Bank Industrial Bank Agriculture Bank I. COMMERCIAL BANK: The banks in any country speeded over with an objective to get the excessive money Form the public in the form of deposits and providing finance to the investors. These Banks are in the ground for profit earning motive and in competition with each other. These banks are providing the basic services to the customers in the form of deposits, Advances, remittances and others. Commercial Banking Scenario In Pakistan: At the time of Independence in 1947. ther were 38 scheduled banks with 195 offices in Pakistan. But by December 3l†, 1973 there were 14 scheduled Pakistani Commercial Banks with 3233 Branches in Pakistan and 74 Branches in the Foreign Countries Nationalization of banks was done on 1st January 1974 under the Nationalization Ac 1 947 due to certain objectives. But it had negative effects on the efficiency of the banking sector. Afterwards, a Privatization Commission was set upon January 22nd, 1991. The Commission transferred many banks to the private sector, i. e. Muslim commercial Bank and Allied Bank Limited. The Govt. approved and permitted the establishment of 1 0 new private banks in August 1991 Functions of commercial Banks: I borrowing of money from customers in shape of term deposits (PLS Saving Current Deposits and Notice Deposits). 2 Lending of money to borrowers in shape of finances, short-term finances, and long-term finances under various names such as Demand Finance , Small Finance, Cash Finance. 3 Agency services. 4 Remittance of money. 5 Foreign exchange business, foreign currency deposits. LCS, Imports and exports etc. ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY: Banks play an important role in the economic development of a country. If the banking system is unorganized and inefficient, it creates market adjustments and impediments in the process of development. In Pakistan, the banking system is organized in well manner. The State Bank of Pakistan since July 1st. 1984 stands at the apex and is responsible of the operation of the banking system. The other bands, which form the banking structure in Pakistan, are playing role in h he economic development of the country. The role of the commercial bank in the growth and development of the economy on sound and steady footings is discussed briefly as follows: Mobilization of Resources: The commercial banks are the most efficient organization of the economy in the mobilization the resources and making a profitable pool of these resources. Taking the Money from the savers and lending it to the investors is the most prominent job of the hank Financing Development Projects: The banks and other financial institutions advance loans for the development projects that enhance the pace of overall development of the country. These advances are made in both public and private sectors for the purpose of achieving a good and strong economic field to catty on the other activities of trade and business. Creating Climate For Capital Formation: Capital formation is done by the act of accepting people’s money and putting into Profitable ventures. This money so accumulated, make possible the availability of the needed capital by the investors. The investors on the other hand are able to get the needed funds that shortfall their requirements. Planned Development: With the help of well-organized banking sector the government is able to make good Implementation of its economic planning and can execute developmental activities for the welfare of the society. Promotion of Saving Habit: There are persons who have money but cannot put them in profitable use. The banks attract these persons by offering a variety of accounts. They provide them not only the safety of the funds but also higher returns on them. The banks, in this way, promote the habit of saving among the people. Effective Implementation of Monetary Policy: With the help of a good banking system in the country the government and the central Banks regulate the monetary supply and demand of the money. A good system helps in the implementation of the policies that are formulated by the government. l through these banks using different techniques of credit control makes credit expansion and contraction. Narrowing Regional Disparity: The banks help in bridging the country. The surplus fund of on Region is sent to the centers of deficit. The less developed areas acquire funds, put them into productive channel and increase production. The banks help in a balanced growth the economy. Executive Summary CORPORATE   PROFILE Mian Mohammad Mansha Chairman S. M. Muneer Vice Chairman Tariq Rafi Shahzad Saleem Sarmad Amin Aftab Ahmad Khan Atif Yaseen Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Mian Raza Mansha Atif Bajwa President / CEO Board Committees : Audit Committee Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Chairman Tariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Atif Yaseen Member HR Committee Mian Muhammad Mansha Chairman Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Atif Bajwa Member Risk Management Committee Mr. Tariq Rafi Chairman S. M. Muneer Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Aftab Ahmed Khan Member Committee on Physical Planning, IT System and Contingency Arrangements Sarmad Amin Chairman Atif Yaseen Member Aftab Ahmad Khan Member Atif Bajwa Member Business Strategy Development Committee Mian Mohammad Mansha Chairman S. M. Muneer Member Tariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Atif Bajwa Member Credit Committee Shahzad Saleem Chairman Sarmad Amin Member Tariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Chief Financial Officer Tahir Hassan Qureshi Company Secretary Abdus S. Sami Auditors KPMG Taseer Hadi Co Chartered Accountants Riaz Ahmed Co. Chartered Accountants Legal Advisors Mandviwalla Zafar Advocates Legal Consultants History of Muslim Commercial Bank The Muslim Commercial Bank Limited was incorporated on 9th July 1947 in Calcutta in Bengal. After partition, the Registered Office of the bank was hifted to Dhaka where it commenced business from August 1948. The Bank transferred its registered/Head office from Dhaka to Karachi in 1956. In 1999, its registered / Head office was transferred to Islamabad and Karachi office was named as principal office. The government transferred a 26% management stake to a group of leading industrialists, collectively named National Group of which Mian Mohammad Mansha is the Major stakeholder. In 1992 a further 24% was sold to the National Group. The current shareholding structure is 50% National Gr oup, 25% government and 25% floated on bourses. NATIONALIZATION OF MCB Muslim Commercial Bank Limited was nationalized by the Government of Pakistan in January 1974 under the Banks Nationalization Act, 1974. Subsequent to nationalization the operations of premium Bank Limited were merged with the Muslim Commercial Bank Limited in June 1974. PRIVATIZATION OF MCB The previous Government declared the privatization policy as one of its main objectives and in accordance with its policy, the Government offered Muslim Commercial Bank Limited for privatization. The Bank was the first Public sector bank, which was privatized on 2nd April 1991. The Government of Pakistan transferred management of the bank to Private Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, â€Å"National Group† by selling 26% shares of the Bank at Rs. 56 per share. Present Status Over the years Muslim Commercial bank fostered strong bonds with its customers. MCB understands them; their needs. They feel comfortable with MCB; its their bank; it responds to them; listens to them; partners with them; grows with them. That is why it is one of the leading commercial banks of the country, providing a wide range of modem banking services. At present, the banking network consists of over 1000 branches along with – controlling offices known as Area Head offices and Regional Head offices. These controlling offices are responsible for the smooth operation of the bank on National international levels. The entire financial and operational objectives are achieved with the Human Resources strength over 12000 employees. The bank is known as the major credit provider, best place of working and paymaster in the financial (money market) of the country. Over the past few years, MCB’s profits have been hit by the need to increase provisions coverage and restructuring costs associated with the downsizing of the workforce and branch network, whilst there is some need to boost provisions, these charges (necessary to bring the bank back into shape) are largely over. It has also slowly received permission from the SBP to shut down a number of unprofitable branches. In 1999 EURO MONEY recognized MCB as the best domestic bank in Pakistan. The banking sector has been worst hit by the external account crisis that Engulfed the country following the nuclear tests. Due to the nature of banks as a Medium for debt transactions the country’s technical default and subsequent rating downgrade impacted them the most. Those core concerns are still not fully alleviated in the view of the investors. The closest that investors have come to positive expectations regarding external account sustainability and a possible re- rating was back in the fourth quarter of the year 1999, and this led to MCB climbing to Pakistani rupees 56 per share. Resumption of the IMF funding and a possible rescheduling of bilateral debt will positively impact the banking sector and especially MCB. State Bank of Pakistan continued the process of Banking Reforms, which included strengthen of Prudential Regulations and focus on recovery of defaulted loans. In 1999 return on Government Savings Scheme and Treasury Bills was reduced, which led to a lowering of lending rates, resulting in erosion of margins for banks but it is likely to give a boost to economic activity. MCB Rupee travelers Cheques continued to maintain their leadership position in the industry and sales registered a 45% growth over last year. MCB successfully introduced the Rs. 100, 000 denomination cheque countrywide and introduced RTC dialup tele-verification facility from Lahore city as well. Mainly there are three types of Banking in MCB. These are: CORPORATE AND INVESTMENT BANKING Corporate Banking Group of MCB is focusing on top tier local corporate groups and multinationals in a structured and focused manner building relationships leading to increased market share. Branches having Advances of Rs. 100, 000,000 per party relationship and monitoring such advances are called as Corporate Branches. These branches include corporate clients and their requirements are looked after. There are about 20 corporate branches of MCB in Pakistan. OUR VISION MISSION Vision Statement To be the leading financial services provider, partnering with our customers for a more prosperous and secure future. Mission Statement We are a team of committed professionals, providing innovative and efficient financial solutions to create and nurture long-term relationships with our customers. In doing so, we ensure that our shareholders can invest in us with confidence. COMMERCIAL BANKING The Commercial Banking Group of MCB continues to service the trading Community and middle market, with sustained focus on developing new customer relationships and increasing the asset portfolio. CONSUMER BANKING The Consumer Banking Group focuses on the lower end of the market and micro credit. Individual customer needs are being serviced through the introduction of diverse lifestyle consumer loans and introduction of new products and partnerships with service providers. Customers will continue to use the extensive branch network, which in turn will generate deposits to feed the asset development and liquidity requirements of the Bank through its diversified and stable deposit base. ATM TECHNOLOGY At MCB, technology has a direct relationship with the needs of the customers, it is a mean of creating value and convenience for the customer. Over the last few years MCB has invested heavily into strengthening its technology backbone. Today it is leading the way in banking technology and setting new standards for the banking industry, penetrating into the local market, listening to the needs of the people. MCB’s strength lies in providing technological base at a grass root levels of the society with a challenge to educate and assimilate such systems across vast cultural and economic backgrounds. With over 768 automated branches, 243 online branches, over 151 MCB’s ATMs in 27 cities nationwide and a network of over 16 banks on the MNet ATM switch, MCB continuously innovates new products and services that harness technology for the customer’s benefits. Additionally in order to enhance the utility of the ATM services they successfully linked their ATM network to the MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro, effectively becoming part of the largest ATM network in the world. MasterCard and Cirrus/Maestro users can now access their ATM’s network. Together with the above MCB made a strategic decision to establish an ATM switch and open their ATM network to other banks. The ATM switch has been named MNET. It has following banks in MNET switch: Standard Chartered Citi Bank MCB ATM  SERVICES MCB ATM Card Welcome to a world of convenience with the MCB ATM 24- Hour Smart Card. â€Å"It Works. Anytime in Pakistan and abroad. † With an ever growing number of ATMs operating across the nation, the MCB ATM Network is the largest and most advanced of its kind in the country, and is part of MCB’s continuing efforts to provide you with convenience that suits your requirements most. And now the MCB ATM has gone global. MCB’s affiliation with Master Card International brings about added facilities for the MCB traveler abroad with the Cirrus and Maestro networks. So go ahead! Use your MCB ATM 24- Hour Cash Card day or night, at home or abroad. MCB ATM Regular Card The MCB ATM Regular Card allows withdrawal of up to Rs. 10,000 per day and a maximum of 3 withdrawals per day per card. BRANCHES ATMs Mnet MNET enables all the member banks to share their electronic networks. Which means customers of member banks can use MNET as well as 1-Link ATMs Nationwide. MNET member banks ATM machines accept cards issued by MCB Bank Ltd, Citibank, Standard Chartered, HSBC, Saudi Pak Bank Limited, Habib Metropolitan Bank, JS Bank, Deutsche Bank, SME Bank, Arif Habib Rupali Bank and First Women Bank. MNET customers can use over 600,000 ATMs worldwide that carry the logo and shop at over 5 million outlets that carry the logo. M-Net switch has currently 612 ATMs in 50 cities. We plan to have the network grow in faster pace in future as MCB itself will be adding more ATMs by the end of the year. The ATM deployment has been planned in such a manner that a customer will be only a few minutes away from an ATM in major cities. This coupled with geographic coverage provides the largest convenient spread in the country, because of which we are very strongly concentrating on Diverse Coverage Convenience. M-Net Switch ATMs are present in all the major cities of the country. They are available in the hilliest and northern areas of the country such as Murree, Abbottabad and Swat etc thus providing convenience of accessing 24 hours cash to the customers across the country. M-Net switch also has its Service Centers in the main cities of the country providing support to member banks customers. M-Net Switch ATMs are also present in all 3 main Airports of Pakistan i. e. , Jinnah Terminal (Karachi), Allama Iqbal International Airport (Lahore) Islamabad International Airport. MEMBER BANKS their ATM Locations In Pakistan, the ATM facilities can be availed at any of the following locations: MCB Bank Ltd. Standard Chartered CITIBANK Saudi Pak Bank limited HSBC Habib Metropolitin Bank Arif Habib Rupali Bank Deutsche Bank First Women Bank SME Bank CORPORATE IMAGE BUILDING In view of Goals established through mission and vision statement, the first step taken was to change the corporate image of the Bank, which inclined following aspects: In 1991 Bank changed its logo from to current logo which is: Which signifies the growth and prosperity? The change of logo was part of effort to change image of the Bank as a progressive bank in the minds of people of country. A comprehensive electronic media campaign was launched with a logo â€Å"Good Banking getting even better† stressing on the improvement. An on going process of Face Lifting and renovation of MCB branches was started which is still going on. The purpose of it was to ensure the overall outlook of the bank changes and employees get a better environment to work and customers of the bank feel more comfortable. NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SINCE PRIVITIZATION In order to achieve long-term goals of expansion and penetration in the market. Bank introduced various new products for its customers, which cater to the needs of various segments of the society. In order to do so, a constant process of market research, evaluation and development of New products was started which resulted in introduction of various new products which were earlier not introduced by any other Bank in the country. Introduction of these products was indeed a major source of penetration for the bank and turned out to be a differential factor as compared to other banks: Prime Currency Accounts – For foreign currency deposits, (since 1991) Mahana Khushali Scheme – A monthly income plan through deposit of a fixed sum in the account, (since 1991) Hajj Mubarik Scheme – For intending Pilgrims, (since 1991) Capital Growth Certificates – It doubles the deposit of depositor in 5 years. It offers high rate of return and was introduced for fetching long-term deposit, (since 1991) PLS 365 Savings Accounts. – Introduced high earning product with feature of calculation of profit on daily product basis. No restriction on deposit withdrawals and Minimum deposit of Rs. 300,000/- (since 1992) Fund Management Scheme – To generate funds to develop secondary market for Government Securities (from 1991 to 1992) MCB Khushali Bachat Accounts – Savings accounts with added value to customers due to profit application of daily product basis. MCB Dollar Khushali Accounts – For foreign currency deposits, (launched in 1993) FAXPRESS – A fast inter-city Remittance Service, (since 1991) MCB Rupee Travelers Cheques – The most popular product of MCB, introduced Rupee Traveler cheque for the very first time in the country and it immediately fetched high share of the market and MCB share is still growing – (launched in 1993) Consultancy Services For intending buyers of State-owned enterprises being privatized, (since 1991) Self-Financing Scheme – Mark-up free finance from 5000 to 25000. (since 1991) Night Banking Services (since 1991) Utility Bills Collection Centers – Separate utility Bills collection centers were established for collection of utility bills (since 1994) MCB MasterCard – (since 1994) EXPORTMOR – Financing facility for exporter (since 1994) REMITEXPRESS – A fast remittance service between Pakistan and Middle East. (Since 1994) Personal Banking Services- In order to promote Consumer Banking system in the country a proper personal Banking service was started for High Net worth clients of Bank in selected branches (since 1995) MCB Custodian Services – Launched for local and international capital market clients. Online- The largest network of branches in the country and growing. Providing customers with 24Ãâ€"7 real time online facilities. MCB Call Center- Call now for answers to your queries-banking services, ATM services, mobile banking services, RTC services, telebanking services and MCB product information. The state of the art MCB call center is the right choice to keep you in step with your ever hectic schedule by providing you services relating to your account and Smart card at any point in time. Our well-abreast and friendly call center team is available 24 x 7, 365 days a year to ensure that your daily financial obligations are taken care of guaranteeing you a good night’s sleep. Cash Plus-Cash management services for corporate customers help customers substantially reduce their receivable collection time frame, improve cash flow and business management. Islamic banking services through exclusive units/ branches offering a range of liability and asset based sharia compliant products like musharika, murabaha, ijara and istasana. MCB Mobile banking- Banking at your figure tips. Dial in anytime to get information regarding balance and mini statements. At the forefront of technological excellence, MCB proudly introduces MCB MOBILE BANKING. The convenience of accessing your account balance information and mini statements whenever you want or wherever you may need them, with comfort and peace of mind. MCB Mobile Banking service is available to all MCB ATM cardholders, 24 hours – 365 days. Just call our Help Line on 111-000-MCB(622) or any MCB online branch for assistance. Mobile Banking at a Glance MCB Mobile Banking gives you easy and quick access to your account(s) at a time you find convenient, including all holidays. Banking at your Fingertips With MCB Mobile Banking you can: Check your balance View the last 4 transactions of your MCB account(s). A Free Service MCB Mobile Banking is a free service for MCB account holders who have an ATM card. All you pay for is the cost of an SMS message if charged by the service provider. MCB lockers- The best protection for your valuables. Lockers of different capacities are available nationwide. Pyara ghar- Flexible and competitive home financing facility with options of home purchase, construction and renovation. MCB car cash- Car financing and leasing at competitive rates with flexible options. Largest ATM Network- of 100 ATMs connected to worldwide ATM network of about 350,000 ATMs along with Cirrus and Maestro facility enabling MCB ATM card to be used All over the world anywhere in the country. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION For any organization to succeed, it is extremely vital to ensure Customer Satisfaction. Banks being in service sector, it is highly important that high service standards be maintained and real value to their money is provided to its customers. In order to do so MCB took three revolutionary steps: Provision of comparatively batter service to its customers as compared to other banks through value added features of low cost, quick disposal of work and friendly environment. Modernization, Computerization of most of the branches enabled Bank stay abreast with the technology and provision of better service at the root level to its customers. Bank also started an ongoing process of Branch face lifting creating a better congenial environment for its customers. In order to be more customers’ conscious, MCB started a very effective and timely action system on Customer Complaints Departments in MCB Brief functions and responsibilities of departments at MCB are as follows. Human Resources and legal group: ? Recruitment. ? Training. ? Transfer posting. ? Promotions. ? Disputes. ? Staff loans. Banks operations group: ? Policy. ? Premises. ? Capital operating expenses processing. ? Return consolidation. ? Reconciliation. ? Product sales. Relationship co-ordination. ? Service standards. ? Customer complaints. Financial Institution overseas group: ? Inter-bank exposure. ? Forex licensing. Financial control Audit group: ? Audit internal control. ? Budgeting planning. ? Monitoring of expenses. ? Financial reports. Credit risk management group: ? Credit proposal evaluation analysis. ? Project financing. ? Monitoring of credit portfolio of bank. . Corporate banking group: ? Placement of all multi-national public sector companies. Consumer banking group: ? Penetration in high net-worth customers. ? Earning increase. Customer retention. Commercial banking group: ? Conduction of normal retail operations. Treasury FX group: ? Funds management. ? Investment management. Assets management group/ Fraud control group: ? Classified portfolio looks after. ? Special assets management. ? Restructuring / Rescheduling. ? Out of court settlements Information technology group: ? ATM / CIRRUS facilities. ? I. T. related franchise management. ? SWIFT system. ? On-line branches network look after. ? Hardware / software support. MCB’s Management Hierarchy Business of MCB MCB is in it’s over 50 years of operation. It has network of over 1,100 branches all over the country with business establishments in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bahrain. The branch break-up province wise is Punjab (57%), Sindh (21%), NWFP (19%) and Baluchistan (3%) respectively. MCB has an edge over other local banks, as it was the first privatized bank. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of The Consumer Banking of MCB provides customers with innovative saving schemes, products and services. The ATM network of MCB is the largest in Pakistan and the Pak Rupee Travelers Cheques are market leaders. MCB was the first to introduce the Photo Card with the launch of the MCB MasterCard. The Corporate Banking of MCB ensures assistance from a dedicated team of professional financial advisors for underwriting, project finance or corporate advisory services. When it comes to banking practices, the consumer can depend on MCB, because it’d been around for over fifty years. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of branches that can be opened by foreign banks, an advantage that MCB capitalizes because of its extensive branch network. Eight years after privatization, MCB is now in a consolidation stage designed to lock in the gains made in recent years and prepare the groundwork for future growth. The bank has restructured its asset portfolio and rationalized the cost structure in order to remain a low cost producer. MCB now focuses on three core businesses namely Corporate, Commercial and Consumer Banking. Corporate clientele includes public sector companies as well as large local and multi national concerns. MCB is also catering to the growing middle class by providing new asset and liability products. The Bank provides 24 hour banking convenience with the largest ATM network in Pakistan covering 9 cities with around 100 ATM locations. The Bank’s Rupee Traveler Cheques have been market leaders for the past six years. MCB looks with confidence at year 2002 and beyond, making strides towards fulfillment of its mission, â€Å"to become the preferred provider of quality financial services in the country with profitability and responsibility and to be the best place to work†. Corporate Banking MCB’s Corporate Banking Team consists of dedicated professionals with the requisite expertise to take care of the banking needs. The Corporate Bank with 20 branches has its presence in all major cities of Pakistan. The Area Offices are located in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. Corporate Platforms have been established in the three principal cities where teams of dedicated Relationship Managers have been posted. These Relationship Managers have been entrusted with the complete responsibility for managing the risk of their allocated portfolios, acting as allusion between the customer and the bank, and providing you with the entire range of products/services offered by the bank. The products/services of the Corporate Bank are broadly divided into the following categories: Working Capital Loans: The working capital loan includes Running Finance, Cash Finance, Export Refinance, Pre-shipment and Post-shipment etc. Term Loans: Offer Short to Medium Term Finance to meet capital expenditure of the customer business needs. Trade Finance Services: Trade finances services that include an entire range of import and export activities including issuing Letters of Credit (L/Cs), purchasing export documents, providing guarantees and other support services. Cash Management: The network of about 1100 branches in Pakistan enables the bankers to collect and disburse payments efficiently with the MCB cash management services. This also enables. the bankers to offer the customer’s choice of paper based or electronic fund transfer solutions including collection amounts, rose branch on- line transactions etc. Investment Banking The Investment Banking Team of MCB has emerged as a leading player in Pakistan’s investment banking arena. The Team handles advisory, corporate finance and capital markets related transactions. Within these areas, the investment banking team of the MCB has developed expertise in the following areas of the investment: Private Placements Debt/Equity Underwriting Term Finance Certificates Loan Syndication Arrangement of Non- Fund Facilities Mergers and Acquisitions Financial Highlights The results for the year 2001 are reflective of sustaining all-around efforts over the few years, to maintain profitable growth along with prudent and proactive risk management and expansion of product range of customers. Pre-profit for the year 2001 was Rs. 2. 0 billion as against Rs. 1. 32 billion in 2000-a healthy increase of 59%. Growth in profitability is primarily due to fund-based activities through efficient assets and liability management. Fee based income was lower despite increase in volumes due to competitive pricing and discontinuation of charges on PLS accounts. Administrative expenses grew by 3% generally attributed to absorb effect of inflation and enhancement in Govt. levies. Pr agmatic efforts are, however, under way to manage costs in relation to revenues to further improve the revenue/expense ratio. Higher level of provisions was in the line with the Bank’s policy to upfront recognize problem lending. In 2001, the Bank managed to recover Rs. 2. 19 billion as against Rs. 1. 97 billion in 2000. The balance sheet footings have increased to Rs. 187 billion from Rs. 175 billion primarily based on deposit growth. Deposits have registered a substantial increase of 14% and stand at Rs. 154. 5 billion in 2001 as against Rs. 136 billion in 2000. Despite of low PLS deposit rates, branch network has shown a commendable performance by increasing and managing the deposit mix. This has been possible by improvement in customer services and targeted sales of products like ATM cards. Net advances as at December 31, 2001 stood at Rs. 76. 6 billion, a reduction of Rs. 9. 8 billion. Demand for credit from manufacturing and export clients fell considerably, post September 11,2001, which led to a reduction in advances as on the balance sheet date from a higher level during the year. Leadership in Rupee Travelers Cheques: Sales have grown by 26% in the year 2001 and continue to reflect meteoric growth. With the extension of the generic brand, increase in the range of denomination backed by a powerful verification system and over 900 branches involved in this business. Leadership in ATM’s: With around 100 ATMs and 170 online branches, MCB is again an undoubted Indus leader with connectivity extended to 16 cities of Pakistan. In the year 2002 further ATM will be deployed and connectivity increased to other cities. MCB ATMs not only serve 24-hour cash convenience but also improve on the counter services and turn around time at cash counters. The MCB ATM Master Card with Maestro and Cirrus networks has become a global ervice furthering the convenience to our customers. Traveling customers can access their account from a large number of internationally deployed ATMs and point of Sale (POS) units. The MCB ATM Switch – MNET is now operational. IT GROUP of MCB has been able to create the largest network for secure electronic financial transactions in Pakistan. Local branches of six international banks are connecting to this network. This will enable participating banks to use each others’ ATMs resulting in an increased convenience to MCB customers and customers of other banks. The IT Group is currently expanding the network capability to provide the customers access to banking through multiple electronic channels. American Express Bank enters into an ATM sharing alliance with Muslim Commercial Bank: Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and American Express Bank Ltd. signed a Memorandum Of Understanding creating a mutually beneficial alliance, which will enable customers of American Express Bank to use ATM facilities offered by Muslim Commercial Bank. Mr. Taufiq A. Hussain, Country Manager, American Express Bank Ltd. , Pakistan in a simple ceremony in Karachi, signed the MOU. MCB has setup an ATM Switch called MNET and American Express Bank is the fourth foreign bank to sign the sharing MOU. Speaking at the ceremony – AEB Country Manager said, â€Å"Customer service quality is the cornerstone of AEB’s philosophy and this initiative will significantly enhance our customer service capability for our consumer banking clients†. He added â€Å"After having considered various routes to acquire this capability AEB selected MCB as an ideal partner keeping in view the large network capability and long standing relationship with MCB†. MCB with a network of over 1000 branches in the largest private sector bank of the country. The Bank is a market leader in 24 hour banking convenience with the largest nationwide ATM network covering 11 major cities in all provinces of the country. CITI bank and Muslim Commercial Bank sign ATM sharing agreement: Muslim Commercial Bank and CITI Bank signed an ATM sharing agreement today. By the middle of this year, both Banks’ customers will be able to use the services of either Bank’s ATMs. Seen at the signing  ceremony are Mr. Haroon Basheer Sheikh, Head of Consumer Banking and Information Technology – MCB and Mr. Nadeem Hussain, General Manager Global Manager Global Consumer Banking – CITI Bank Pakistan with their respective team members. Standard Chartered Grindlays and Muslim Commercial Bank to launch co-branded credit card: Rated as Pakistan’s best banks (‘domestic’ and foreign’ respectively) by Euro money magazine Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) and Standard Chartered Grindlays signed a Memorandum of Understanding to launch the first-ever joint servicing co-branded credit card in Pakistan. Under the arrangement the partnering banks will have shared as well as distributed responsibilities to service the customers in line with their respective strength’s. The Partnership will derive its strength by combining the large diversified customer base of MCB and the track record of Standard Chartered Grindlays in managing a successful credit card business in Pakistan. MCB, the largest Private Bank in Pakistan, has over four million accounts domiciled in 1100 branches across the country. Standard Chartered Grindlays, the largest foreign bank in Pakistan, has over ninety thousand satisfied card members and is a leading international player in the cards business. With this new initiative the customers product of the two leading banks in Pakistan. This agreement further strengthens the relationship between these two banks; earlier this year Standard Chartered Grindlays signed an agreement to join MCB’s switch/ATM network, the largest in the country. FAYSAL BANK LIMITED to sell Muslim Commercial Bank’s Rupee traveler’s cheques: Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and Faysal Bank Limited signed an agreement for the Sale and purchase of MCB Rupee Travelers Cheques at all 11 Faysal Bank branches in Pakistan. Main categories of Account opening form: Type of Account There is a category of â€Å"Type of Account â€Å", the customer can check any option to open a certain account. Following are certain kinds of accounts: Current PLS-Saving MCB Saving-365 Khushali Bachat PLS Term Deposit New Foreign Currency Account (Current/Saving) Currency There is a category of â€Å"Currency† in the form: In this section there are four kinds of currencies are given in which MCB opens account. They are: Pakistani Rupee US dollar Nature of Account There is a category of â€Å"nature of account† i. e. Individual Partnership Sole proprietor Joint stock company Introduction Before opening an account a banker should ascertain weather or not the person desirous of opening the account is a desirable customer. There is Reference section in the form in which the person who wants to open an account must provide a reference of a person who has already an account with MCB. For current account only reference of current account holder is accepted whereas for saving account reference of any whether current or saving is allowed. Preliminary investigation is necessary because of the following reasons: ? To avoid frauds ? Safe guard against unintended overdrafts ? To avoid negligence ? To replay inquiries against clients ? To comply with Prudential Regulations/Laws There is a specimen signature card with the bank on which the signature of account holder is to be taken while opening of his account. And then he is issued with a cheque book. It is advised that one must keep his cheque book under proper care but there are cases that people sometimes lost their cheque books. In that case there is an application form in the name of manager is available and the customer who wants to get a new cheque book fills that form and gives it to the manager then he is provided with a new cheque book. In other case a requisition slip is present in the cheque book and whenever the customer wants a new cheque book he simply fills that requisition slip and presents it to manager and gets a new cheque book. Know your Customer In view of recent heightened global efforts to prevent the possible use of the banking sector for money laundering, terrorist financing, transfer of illegal/ill-gotten monies and as a conduit for white collar crime etc, the importance of â€Å"Know your Customer† has increased. The objective of knowing a customer is to have a fair idea about the identity, financial resources and general information about the customer at the time when the relationship is established. A banker must have following information about the customer: Customer’s Name: Enter complete name as mentioned in original Identity Card/other business documents. Nature of Business/Profession: If the customer is of salaried class then banker will enter his employer’s name. If the customer is a businessman, trader, sole proprietor, then the banker will enter the business name. Also enter the customer’s title/position and address of the employer/business. Addresses with P. O. Box are not acceptable. Similarly remarks like â€Å"Private Service†, â€Å"Business† are not acceptable, rather specify what type of company/business the customer is associated with. In case of individual his attested Photocopy of national identity card or passport is required, in case of salaried person, attested photocopy of his sarvice card. In case of partnership attested photocopy of identity cards of all partners is required and attested photo copy of â€Å"Partner ship Deed† along with a copy of Registration certificate with registrar of firms. In case of Company, Memorandom and Article of association, certificate of incorporation, certificate of commencement of business and attested photocopy of identity cards of all the directors is required. Address: Enter the complete residential/business address. Within the brackets you may also provide prominent address identification marks for ease of physically locating the address. Contact Number: Enter home, official, mobile, fax numbers and e-mail address (if available). Special Instructions: Clear-cut operational instructions must be obtained from the customers. If the customer has not given any special instructions in specified column, the column must be cancelled by drawing a line, as this column must not be left blank under any circumstances. The bankers considered the following points while opening the accounts: Remittances Department The next department I worked in is Remittances department. The incharge of this department, Mr. Khalid told me that there are four kinds of remittances they deal in: ? Telegraphic Transfer ? Mail transfer ? Demand Draft ? Pay order Another task of this department was to issue the traveler cheque and to give the ATM card numbers. Here is a little detail of all of these works: Telegraphic Transfer: It is a facility provided by the bank through which a customer can send or transfer any amount immediately. The procedure for the customer is simple. And more importantly the person who wants to transfer the funds may not have the account in the bank even then he can avail this facility. The procedure is like this, a customer walks in and fills an application form named as â€Å"APPLICATION FOR REMITTANCE† in which he mentions the bank to which he wants to transfer the funds also the name of the payee, his account number, also he has to mention his own address etc. then there are charges for this special facility provided by the bank and the bank receives these from the person who is sending the funds. Further there are two kinds of telegraphic transfers: Ordinary TT TT The ordinary TT reaches to its destination after two days of its dispatchment whereas simple TT reaches to its payee immediately because the payee branch is informed immediately through telephone and fax. For ordinary TT only two vouchers are prepared: Commission Voucher Postage Voucher Whereas for TT three vouchers are prepared: Commission Postage Telephone charges In the application form of TT there are two options available for the person who is sending the funds i. e whether the payees account is credited for the same amount or payee is simply to receive the payment in hand. Documents Prepared: The documents that are prepared for the TT are: TT register Remittances Confirmation of cable sent And afterwards whole of these information are recorded in a big register named as: Branch outward remittance register And after this procedure the respective branch is informed through telephone. Recommendations This whole procedure is quite lengthy and hectic. So the only recommendation that could be given is, it must be computerized Another task of the accounts department is to give the customers the ATM card number. The procedure is like this that when a customer applies for the ATM card, he is given a certain time to collect the card. On due date the customers gets his card from manager and for safety purpose the ATM number remains with the account department and the customer gets his number from there. Traveler cheque In account deptt there are two people working. One’s job is to issue the traveler cheque and the other is suppose to make the payment of TC. This work is separated for the purpose of safety and to prevent the frauds. When RTC is issued it is written in Traveler cheque register and when it is paid it is posted in MBIS. Traveler cheque register is used to maintain the stock of RTC’s. When RTC is issued HO RTC deptt. Is credited and when RTC is purchased it is debited. One of the person has the complete register of staff’s salary he maintains a staff salary register. The remittance facilities of the MCB are according to the need of the customer. Your beneficiary will receive the amount even if he/she does not have an MCB account. The Remit Express facilities the MCB can be avail in the following Bank/Companies: Demand draft Demand Draft can be explained as the instrument which is payable on demand as its name implies the same, the value of which has already been received. This instrument is issued by one branch and payable at other branch of same bank or other bank’s branch e. g. DD issued by MCB payable by ACBL. Procedure of issuance: The customer wants to make the DD fills in the same form or application i. e of remittances in which he mentions the DD, the beneficiary’s name, the place, the mode of payment i. e, whther he wants the payee to receive the cash, cheque or debit his account, signature and his name and address Check the application form. Commission is charged as per bank policy. Also excise duty withholding tax are recovered as per applicable rates. Entry is then made in DD issued register. In the DD issued register, separate folio is allotted for each drawee branch and a serial control number is applied. The entries made is DD payable account is credited and cash is debited and when the payee receives the cash against DD, DD payable account is debited and cash is credited. Procedure of Cancellation of D. D. On receiving the application for cancellation in writing along with original DD the signature of the applicant is verified This signature should tally with the signature on DD application form. Then cancellation is marked in DD issued register and the drawee branch is Informed about cancellation. Issuance of Duplicate DD In case of Lost/Stop Payment: Application is received and signature is verified, then the drawee branch is informed about the loss of DD and further they are advised to tell the branch the status of DD i. e whether it has been paid or not. Then a duplicate of DD is issued with â€Å"Duplicate in lieu of original DD No____ dated____ reported lost† written on its face. The duplicate DD will have the same control number. PAY ORDERS: Pay order is a kind of instrument issued and paid in the same branch. It is normally issued for payment in the same city. Procedure of Issuance of Pay order: The customer fills the remittances application form and mark check on pay order. On receiving application he is issued with a pay order after receiving charges. All pay orders are crossed i. e â€Å"Payees a/c only† Procedure of Cancellation of Pay order: On receiving application for cancellation of pay order along with the pay order, it is cancelled and cancellation charges are recovered. Duplicate Pay Order: If the payment of pay order has not yet been made a duplicate copy of it can be made on receiving application from the customer. The duplicate charges are recovered from customer. Clearing Department Clearing: Clearing implies a system by which banks exchange cheques and other negotiable instruments drawn on each other within a specified area and thereby secure payment for their clients through the clearing house at specified time in an efficient way. Clearing House: In past State bank was indulged in clearing function i. e for the settlement of mutual obligations of different commercial banks. As all banks have their accounts and keep a certain percentage of the cash deposits as a reserve with Central Bank, it become easy to set up their mutual obligations by off-setting their accounts. The claim of banks against each other is settled by simple transfers from and to their accounts. These methods of settling accounts though the central bank, apart from being convenient is economical as regards the use of cash since account are adjusted through accounts, there is usually no need for cash. At present this function of state bank is performed by NIFT. And now clearing house is a place where NIFT’s representatives of all scheduled banks sit together and interchange their claims against each other with the help of controlling staff of State Bank of Pakistan and where there is no branch of State Bank of Pakistan the designated branch of National Bank of Pakistan acts as controlling member instead of State Bank of Pakistan. Reasons of Cancellation of Membership: When a bank is no longer a scheduled bank. When any bank fails to meet its liabilities. When It is prohibited to receive fresh deposits by State Bank of Pakistan or Central Government. Advantages of Clearing: dAs clearing does not involve any cash etc and all the transaction takes place through book entries, the number of transactions can be unlimited. dNo cash is needed, as such the risks of robbery, embezzlements and pilferage are totally eliminated. dAs major payments are made through clearing, the banks came manage cash payments at the counters with a minimum amount of cash in vaults. dA lot of time, cost and labor are saved. Since it provides an extra service to the customers of banks without any service charges or costs, more and more people are inclined and attracted towards banking. Rules Regulations of Clearing House: Timing: -Monday through Saturday 1st Clearing 10. 00 A. M. 2nd Clearing 2. 30 P. M. ? Cheques and other negotiable instruments are sent through NIFT’s representative for exchange. ? All the cheques and negotiable instruments must be properly stamped and suitably discharged ? Each and every Cheque must be accompanied by an objection memo when returned unpaid duly initialed. ? Each bank is required to maintain sufficient funds in the principal account with SBP to meet the payment obligations. The State Bank of Pakistan debits the account of each member of the clearinghouse with the proportionate working expenses incurred on the operation of clearing house. These expenses are very nominal. Functioning of Clearing House: All the scheduled banks which are the member of clearing house, must maintain accounts with SBP, by debit and credit to which the clearing settlements are made. If on a particular day, a bank delivers Cheque and other negotiab le instruments worth more than the total amount of Cheque received by it that banks account with State Bank of Pakistan will be credited with the differential amount. If on the other hand the total amount of Cheque and other negotiable instruments drawn on a certain bank by other banks is more than the total amount receivable by it from other banks, then this bank’s account will be debited on that day. The Cheque delivered to the other banks through NIFT’s representatives for clearing are called outward clearing; whereas Cheque received from the representatives of other banks for payment are called inward clearing. How settlement is done in NIFT? Presume that MCB got the Cheque, which are drawn on UNION BANK, UBL and ACBL for amounts Rs. 50,000/-, Rs. 30,000/-, Rs. 5,000/- respectively, its total being Rs. 95,000/-. It means that this amount is to be credited to MCB A/c with S. B. P. On the other hand the Cheques drawn on MCB are from UNION BANK, UBL ACBL of Rs. 15,000/- Rs. 75,000/- and Rs. 30,000/- respectively, its total being Rs. 1,20,000/-. It means that this amount is to be debited from MCB A/c. The difference between Rs. 95. 000/- credit and Rs. 120. 000/- debit is Rs. 25,000/- debit, which means the house, is against MCB for Rs. 25,000/-. If we separately show it then, MCB has to receive Rs. 50,000/- from UNION BANK and to pay Rs. 15,000/- to UNION BANK so difference is Rs. 5,000/- credit. MCB has to receive Rs. 30,000/- from UBL and to pay Rs. 75,000/- to UBL so difference is Rs. 45,000/- debit. MCB has to receive from ACBL Rs. 15,000/- and to pay Rs. 30,000/- to MCB so difference is Rs. 15,000/- debit. GRAND TOTAL: + 35,000, – 45,000, -15,000 = -25,000 i. e. Rs. 25,000/- debit. Hence MCB A/c with State Bank of Pakistan will be debited with Rs. 25,000/- and the contra will be other banks accounts respectively. This is called as â€Å"Debit and Credit Rule†. The amounts and number of instruments received are entered in the House Book from the main schedules of the respective banks. The State Bank of Pakistan maintains two major books for clearing house purpose :- HOUSE REGISTER. This book contains the information about the amounts and number of cheques received and delivered by each bank is noted down. Its columns are just like our clearing house-page. HOUSE BALANCE BOOK: This book contains the amount and number of cheques received and delivered by each bank as well as the amounts which are to be received and paid to respective banks through their accounts by State Bank of Pakistan is written down. This book has the following columns:- |Initials |To Pay Amount |No. f Cheques Received/Delivered |Name of Bank|Received Amount |To Received Amount|Initials | Both sides of this book are balanced. Vouchers are prepared from the slips received from the respective banks and the amounts are compared with this balance book. Summary of Clearing House Working: The working of clearing house may be summarized as under:- ? The instruments are delivered to the respective banks. ? The instruments drawn on our Bank are received from other banks. ? The amount and number of instruments received are entered in the House Book from the main schedules of respective banks. The amount of instruments delivered, received and the difference is written on a Figure slip provided in the clearinghouse and the slip is returned to the supervisor. ? The instruments are arranged branch-wise. ? Schedules are detached and kept safely. OUTWARD CLEARING AT THE BRANCH: The following points are to be taken into consideration white an instrument is accepted at the counter to be presented in Outward Clearing: ? The name of the branch appears on its face where it is drawn on. ? It should not be stale or post dated or without date. ? Amount in words and figures does not differ. Signature of the drawer appears on the face of instrument. ? Instrument is not mutilated. ? There should be no material alteration if so, it should be properly authenticated. ? If order instrument, suitably endo rsed and the last endorsee’s account being credited. ? Endorsement is in accordance with the crossings if any. ? The amount of the instrument is same as mentioned on the paying-in-slip and counterfoil. ? The title of account on the paying-in-slip is that of payee or endorsee (with the exception of bearer cheque). If an instrument is in order then our bank’s special crossing stamp is affixed across the face of the instrument. Clearing stamp is affixed on the face of the instruments, paying-in-slip and counterfoil (The stamp is affixed in such a manner that half appears on paying-in-slip and half on counterfoil). The instrument is suitably discharged, where a bearer cheque does not require any discharge and also an instrument in favor of a bank need not be discharged. The instrument along with paying-in-slip is retained while the counterfoil is given to the customer duly signed. Then the following steps are to be taken:- ? The particulars of the instruments and the pay-in-slips or credit vouchers are entered in the Outward Clearing Register. Serial number is given to each voucher. ? The register is balanced, the credit vouchers are separated from the instruments and are released to respective departments against acknowledgement in the register. ? The instruments are arranged bank-wise. ? The schedules are prepared in triplicate, two copies of which are attached with the relevant instruments and the third i s kept as office copy. ? The house page is prepared from schedules in triplicate. ? The Officer Incharge with branch stamp signs the schedules and house pages. ? The grand total of the house page is taken and agreed with that of the outward clearing register. The instruments along with duplicate schedules and house-page are sent to the Main Office. ? However the amount is kept in float till final status of various instruments is known from respective paying banks in second dealing. The entry of the instruments returned unpaid is made in Cheques Returned Register. If the instrument is not to be presented again in clearing then a covering memo is prepared. The covering memo along with returned instrument and objection memo is sent to the customer who deposited the same in his account. INWARD CLEARING OF THE BRANCH: The particulars of the instruments are compared with the list. The instruments are detached and sorted out department-wise. ? The entry is made in the Inward Clearing Regis ter (Serial Number, instrument number, Account number and amount of instrument is written). ? The instruments are sent to the respective departments against acknowledgement in the Inward Clearing Register. ? The instruments are scrutinized in each respect before honoring the same. OUTWARD CHEQUES RETURNED UNPAID: These are the cheques returned unpaid by us presented to us in Inward Clearing due to some objections. INWARD CHEQUES RETURNED UNPAID: These are the cheques returned unpaid to us, which were lodged by us in Outward Clearing. RETURN OF CHEQUES AFTER CLEARING HOUSE: Suppose all cheques received in the inward clearing are passed and later on it is found that a cheque should have been returned. In such cases, we contact the collecting branch and request them not to make payment against the proceeds of the cheque which was not returned unpaid by us in due time. The cheque with objection memo along with a covering letter is sent to the collecting branch, making request to issue a payment order in our favor. To balance the cash-cum-day book we may debit Suspense A/c Sundry Debtors with the approval of the manager. When the payment order is received, it is lodged in clearing and the Suspense A/c -Sundry Debtor is adjusted accordingly. SPECIAL CLEARING: In addition to the normal clearing function at Clearing House it is mutually agreed to hold an extra clearing at the Clearing House on a particular day and time, which is known, as â€Å"Special Clearing†. It is arranged due to rush of work arising out of say, m How to cite Mcb Internship Report, Papers